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Trota of Salerno
Trota of Salerno (also spelled Trocta) was a medical practitioner and medical writer in the southern Italian coastal town of Salerno who lived sometime in the early or middle decades of the 12th century. Her fame spread as far away as France and England in the 12th and 13th centuries. Thereafter, aside from a distorted reflection of her work that lived on in the ''Trotula'' treatises, her work was forgotten until it was rediscovered in the late 20th century.
==Separating Trota from "Trotula"==
In the later 12th century, part of the work associated with the historical Trota of Salerno, the ''De curis mulierum'' ("On Treatments for Women"), was subsumed into the ''Trotula'' ensemble, a compendium of three different works on women's medicine by three different authors. The title "Trotula" ("the little (work of) Trota") was soon misunderstood as an author's name, and “Trotula” came to be seen as the singular author of all three texts in the ''Trotula'' ensemble, which became the most widely disseminated and translated works on women’s medicine in later medieval Europe.〔Monica H. Green, “The Development of the ''Trotula'',” ''Revue d’Histoire des Textes'' 26 (1996), 119-203.〕 The authentic works of Trota, in contrast, survive in only a handful of copies. Whatever survived of her fame beyond the 12th century seems to have been fused with the textual persona "Trotula." In modern scholarship, therefore, it is important to separate the historical woman Trota from the fate of the ''Trotula'' texts, because their historical importance and impact were quite distinct.〔Monica H. Green, “In Search of an ‘Authentic’ Women’s Medicine: The Strange Fates of Trota of Salerno and Hildegard of Bingen,” ''Dynamis: Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam'' 19 (1999), 25-54; and Monica H. Green, ''Making Women’s Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Premodern Gynaecology'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), esp. chapters 1, 5, and 6.〕 Debates about whether "Trotula" really existed began in the 16th century, generated in part out of the inherent inconsistencies in the assembled work that circulated under "her" name. Those debates persisted into the later 20th century, when the discovery of Trota's ''Practica secundum Trotam'' ("Practical Medicine According to Trota") and philological analysis of other works associated with her allowed the real historic woman Trota to be seen independently from the textual creation "Trotula."
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